They Are Not Setting a Good Example

Rider U. rejects student survey asking for Chick-fil-A, says company’s values ‘haven’t progressed’

A New Jersey college is refusing to bring Chick-fil-A on campus because its values “have not sufficiently progressed” despite it being the most preferred option among the students

We read stories like this all the time. Some are more severe than others as the targeted people have usually critiqued another very sensitive religion and western leaders seem to bend over backwards to appease the adherents of that religion. They do this instead of telling those adherents to toughen up and learn to take constructive criticism.

The university in question in that story, makes the claim that Chick-fil-A is not inclusive enough, here is their main argument

In a Nov. 1 email obtained by Campus Reform, Rider University, a private institution in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, explained that they would not be bringing the popular chicken sandwich restaurant since “their corporate values have not sufficiently progressed enough to align with those of Rider,” articulating that their decision was to promote “inclusion for all people.”

Yet Rider U has shown that they cannot live by the same standards they force on others. Their exclusion of Chick-fil-A shows that they do not meet their own standards of inclusion. Certain people are not allowed to enter simply because the powers that be at Rider U are not inclusive enough. Yet, this is often the story when someone who disagrees with the liberal or Democrat agenda.

The liberals and Democrats forget their own rules and ideology because they do not want to tolerate opposing opinions.

During the spring semester, Rider surveyed the student body to inquire which restaurants they would like to see come to campus. When the students responded that Chick-fil-A was their top choice, the university paid no attention to the results.

Rider U again sets another bad example here by ignoring the will of the students. Something that has gone in the adult world where judges, CA Prop 8, have gone against the will of the people simply because the majority will chooses something they do not like. How can students learn the right way to do life when their adult examples continually demonstrate how not to do life the right way?

Ignoring one’s own ideology to keep a group or individual or in this case, a restaurant, out of campus or a city, does nothing to make that ideology a good option to live by.

There are a number of factors that contribute to a campus’ decision to invite a retail partner on campus,” Rider Assistant Vice President of Student Affairs Jan Friedman-Krupnick told the outlet.

“While Chick-fil-A is among other restaurants preferenced by Rider students, there are members of the community (faculty, staff, and students) who strongly opposed the option as well.”

In other words the survey was nothing but a meaningless exercise to placate the students. The decision was already known in advance just in case the students did what they did and chose a restaurant the faculty did not like. So much for democracy. But if you hadn’t noticed, the liberals and Democrats do not want democracy unless they win. They also want to force their ideology on others as has been seen by the numerous cases against Christian businesses.

Again, it doesn’t matter what the majority wants, it is only what certain people want to see take place. We understand this attitude because Jesus said the unbelievers will hate Christians because the unbeliever hates Christ. They hate Christ and Christians because the light the latter shine exposes the sins of the unbeliever. The unbeliever thinks they are good people and are good enough to enter heaven because they are more inclusive than the Christian.

They aren’t as the unbeliever wants to bring sin into paradise. They think that a corrupted paradise is better than a sinless one. They are mistaken. Also, no one is more inclusive than God. He will accept anyone who repents of their sins and accepts his son as their savior. What isn’t included in his perfect kingdom is sin. This is something the unbeliever does not understand because they have been deceived.

If you want to start making a spiritual impact for God then you need to start praying to bind the evil forces doing the deception. You won’t get a foot in the door to the unbeliever’s soul until you do. Then you need to set the right biblical example so your light will shine brightly.

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Sometimes Words Fail Us

When we look at different news stories, different news events, the acts of people who claim to be Christian and more,we just get tired of the amount of evil that gets to rule in the daily lives of people. Here are some examples

#1. https://www.christianpost.com/news/australian-wedding-magazine-forced-to-shut-down-after-christian-owners-refuse-to-feature-gay-couples.html

One of Australia’s top wedding magazines has closed down after they were abandoned in droves by advertisers over the Christian owners’ refusal to feature same-sex couples.

Luke and Carla Burrell, the owners of White magazine, stated in a “farewell” message on their website on Saturday that their intention during their 12 years of existence was to celebrate marriage with a focus on love and commitment. 

They explained that ever since Australia voted to legalize same-sex marriage in November 2017, they have continuously been asked why they do not feature all couples, including gay couples, in their magazine.

#2. https://www.christianpost.com/news/hold-s-korean-megachurch-pastor-lee-jae-rock-sentenced-to-15-years-in-prison-for-raping-8-followers.html

South Korean megachurch pastor Lee Jae-rock was sentenced to 15 years in prison for raping eight female followers, and telling them it was God’s will.

The Korea Times reported that Lee, the 75-year-old pastor of Manmin Central Church, was found guilty on Thursday of using his power and status to force the victims, all in their 20s, to have sex with him, saying that it was an “order from God.”

The Seoul Central District Court also ordered the church leader to take 80 hours of therapy classes and banned him from working with youth institutions for 10 years after his prison term.

#3. https://www.christianpost.com/news/yolanda-adams-hezekiah-walker-share-reaction-after-partaking-in-controversial-unification-event.html

The Unification Church, properly known as Family Federation for World Peace and Unification USA, hosted a major event this month called “Peace Starts with Me” and invited high-profile Christian artists, such as Israel Houghton, Yolanda Adams and Hezekiah Walker, to help welcome the self-described “mother, the only begotten daughter of God,” Hak Ja Han Moon, to America.

A video promotion for the Nov. 12 event held in New York City’s Nassau Coliseum announced that Grammy award winner Houghton was joining Bishop Noel Jones, along with the other gospel singers for the Unificationism gathering.

The Unification Church reported on its website that approximately 20,000 people attended the event held at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Long Island, N.Y., for the Peace Starts With Me rally “to welcome True Mother back to America.” The event was globally live streamed for thousands of others to experience the event from their homes.

It’s unclear why these popular Christians would link arms with what has been labeled as a heretical body that is not Christian, especially because Moon, who was the keynote speaker for “Peace Starts With Me,” believes “Jesus failed in his mission” for world peace by being crucified.

#4. https://www.christianpost.com/news/asia-bibi-daughter-thanks-god-christians-fears-religious-enemies-want-them-dead.html

One of Asia Bibi’s daughters has appeared on a video thanking God and Christians worldwide who’ve been praying for her family as they continue to face many uncertainties.

“Thank you everybody for praying for my mother. I’d also like to thank the brave judges and the Pakistani justice system that recognize my mother’s innocence,” Eisham Ashiq says in a video, supplied by Catholic charity Aid to the Church in Need.

“I’d also like to thank all the governments — the Italian government that [is] concerned about our future and safety,” she adds.

“Thanks God, she (Bibi) is free and I hope our entire family is finally happy and free. Thanks to all of you for praying for my mother and persecuted Christians.”

Bibi’s family has also said that “religious enemies” want them dead.

#5. https://www.christianpost.com/voice/fri-if-the-radical-left-takes-over-you-can-kiss-your-freedoms-goodbye.html

The pattern is as predictable as it is obvious. When the left (especially the far left) talks about freedom, it means freedom for those who conform. When it talks about diversity, it means my way or the highway. Political correctness is to be enforced. Dissent will not be tolerated. So much for the left bringing “liberation.”

Of course, the left will say to us, “No, you are the ones who require conformity. You are the ones who refuse to recognize marriage when it’s different than what you’re used to. You are the ones who want to forbid a woman from having control over her own body. It is our side, the left, which loves freedom.”

But that objection misses the point.

It looks bad but we have a way out. It is not the rapture, which Christians fervently seek as they do not want to be part of this world anymore. The Bible teaches us that we overcome evil by doing what Christ wants:

Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good. (Romans 12:21 NASB)

You will notice that neither Christ nor God taught that we overcome evil by changing certain laws. Too many misguided souls out there think that the way to have a better society or civilization is to legislate it into existence. That is not biblical teaching. It is one way to make the unbeliever hate the believer and keep them away from Christ.

We are to do good and that means we do more than just preach a gospel message or give our testimony. Jesus healed, fed the poor, helped the widows and much more than just preach the Sermon on the Mount. If he didn’t do good, then the credibility of his teachings would be in doubt and many people would just ignore him. But as you can see through the biblical records, he had great multitudes gather around him.

He was not only relieving them of their spiritual problems but also their physical ones. Doing good overcomes evil, it opens hearts up to the gospel and the ways of Christ in ways that laws cannot. But when we do good, it must be accompanied by the truth

{Love} does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth; (1 Cor. 13:6 NASB)

For we can do nothing against the truth, but only for the truth. (2 Cor. 13:8 NASB)

We do not misrepresent, we do not lie, we do not alter the facts and on it goes. We speak the truth in love and do good. The key is that we first must have Christ’s definition of doing good before we act. We do not adopt the secular world’s definitions because they are unfair, unjust and very wrong. The good we do is for everyone not just a small group of people.

Then when we do good, we must go with the right perspective. The Muslim, the Democrat, the Liberal, the conservative, the false Christians and more groups, are not our enemy. They are part of God’s creation who have been deceived, misled, and taken down the wrong paths away from the truth. The Bible tells us

For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places (Eph. 6:12 NASB)

Having the right perspective will help you prepare better when you set out to do the good that overcomes evil. It will help you to pray better and keep you seeking the truth, as well as learning how to apply your good works and the truth correctly. It will also help you step out of the way and let God work in the hearts of those who do evil.

That way God gets the glory and evil cannot attack you through pride, boasting, egotism and so on. You can easily thwart the darts evil sends your way. Doing Christianity correctly is the best way to make an impact for God and preserve civilization.

 

Sin Does Influence Doctrine & Theology

When we read the following article the other day, it was no surprise that the person making the claims was a willful sinner even though they declared themselves to be Christian.

https://www.christianpost.com/news/gay-christian-co-founder-of-queer-theology-claims-jesus-is-polyamorous-bible-supports-lifestyle.html

Brian G. Murphy, a gay Christian activist who is also co-founder of theology website Queer Theology, claimed Tuesday that Jesus is polyamorous and it is a biblical relationship model that Christians can pursue.

When you read the definition of the word polyamorous, you will see how willful sin influences a person’s view of biblical texts. Webster’s describes polyamorous as

the state or practice of having more than one open romantic relationship at a time

Now every true believer knows that the personal relationship Jesus has with his followers is not sexual or romantic. It is an intimate relationship if one draws very close to Christ and walks in his ways. But sadly for that activist, he is advocating sinful ideas and that state of affairs influences his view of scripture dramatically. He also demonstrates how far he will stretch a biblical verse to justify his views of Christ.

Now if you have not heard of Queer Theology before, and do not know what it is, here is a link to discover the evil and sin behind that type of thinking:

https://www.queertheology.com/

How do you reconcile Christianity with an LGBTQ identity? Queer Theology provides a supportive community and in-depth resources for queer Christians and straight supporters.

Do you have this sense that there is more to being LGBTQ than simply what we are not. Not sick, not sinful, not what Leviticus is talking about, not dishonoring God with our transition. So do we.

That’s what queer theology is all about: uncovering and celebrating the gifts that LGBTQ people bring to the Church and the world and the ways in which Christianity has always been queer.

This is why we say that willful sin influences how one views the Bible and its content. The premise behind Queer Theology is that LGBTQ preferences are okay, of God and not evil. The proponents of this thinking are wrong in every way. Their thinking allows the delusion that comes with LGBTQ preferences to continue and does nothing to bring those people out of their sin.. One quote–

I know that God loves me and wants me to carry forward Christ’s love and care into the world. I am transgender because God wanted this and anyone who is uncomfortable with my core being is refusing to accept God’s creation and will.

Yes God may love him or her, but God’s love does not accept willful sin

⁵ This is the message we have heard from Him and announce to you, that God is Light, and in Him there is no darkness at all. ⁶ If we say that we have fellowship with Him and yet walk in the darkness, we lie and do not practice the truth; ⁷ but if we walk in the Light as He Himself is in the Light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin ( 1 John NASB)

Another quote–

Queer Theology is a place to find resources to better understand how sexual and gender diversity fit within a Christian worldview. More than that, it is an affirming community where I’ve discovered how my queerness not only informs but affirms my faith. Thanks to you, I’ve understood that faith and sexuality are not separate and distinct, but rather intertwined into our human experience of God and the world. (Both quotes taken from https://www.queertheology.com/about/)

The delusion in these people and the LGBTQ community, in general, is strong and unfortunately began to permeate the church. Many believers have allowed their willful sins to help influence their views of different biblical passages. One example, are the passages on love which many quote to justify their refusal to accept that they are sinners and repent of their LGBTQ sins.

As we have said before, real love does not let anyone remain in sin but does what it can to rescue the sinner from the grasp of evil. It is obvious that Queer Theology does not love the LGBTQ community and helps them to continue to delude themselves about their sinful status & their position with God.

The article analyzes the theological position of the co-founder of Queer Theology quite well and you would do well to read it. The point we are making is that to  have a clear view of scripture and understand what God is saying to us, we must get rid of all willful sin, stop practicing sin and get on the right path to holiness. God has called us to be holy not be part of a polyamrous relationship.

Willful sin and the acceptance of willful sin allows evil to enter a life and distort God’s word in favor of letting people become more sinful. This leads to the eventual destruction of many humans, something that has been a goal of evil since the beginning of time. Getting right with God and getting on the correct path to holiness begins with getting rid of willful sin. This also includes not accepting evil as good, normal, and something to be supported.

LGBTQ preferences cannot be accepted by the church, included in its leadership or even supported. It is not natural, it is not good, and it is not accepted by God. While God loves the sinner, he will not hesitate to punish those who refuse to give up their practice of what he has declared to be sin. God has been consistent in his punishing of sin throughout the Bible. It is an example that we should not take lightly.

Those who try to bring sinful teaching and practices into the church are not of God, not church leaders, and not true teachers of righteousness. They are false teachers trying to practice their sin while trying to get the benefits that Christ offers true believers. In other words, they are tryinig to have it both ways and that is impossible. If they are not woken up now, they will be in for a rude awakning when it is too late.

The key is for the church to follow God and stand with him even if it means seeing empty pew seats in the Sunday services. We do not include what God has excluded

 

Stick to the Truth

In Walsh’s video published by The Daily Wire on YouTube last week, he argued that although he doesn’t “question the sincerity or the faithfulness of six-day Creationist folks,” he positioned that when the belief is preached, it can “inadvertently do some harm” and “put obstacles in the way, especially for non-believers.”

https://www.christianpost.com/news/ken-ham-hits-back-after-matt-walsh-claims-creationists-make-reaching-others-with-christianity-harder-228119/

When talking about the Bible it is best to stick to the truth. Paul told us that the unbeliever cannot do anything against the truth.  The truth does not do any harm to evangelism. Misrepresenting what the Bible says does the harm. If you tell the truth, the only person putting obstacles in the way of unbelievers converting is evil.

Faith and love means that you believe God. If God said he created in 6 24 hour days then our faith and our love have us siding with God over sinful man and his words.

If you state something about the Bible that the Bible does not say, then you are not stating what God said but what you want to believe. You are not evangelizing someone to God’s faith but your own version of it. You are communicating that God cannot even get his own act of creation correct. Who would want to believe in a God like that and who would want to adopt a faith where the adherents do not even believe their own God?

The truth is, God created in 6 24 hour days just like he said. There was no failure by God to communicate his creative act to his biblical writers and their was no altering the creative act because the biblical writers did not understand any alternatives. They wrote what God told them he did and since God cannot lie, there are no alternatives to the creation accounts found in Genesis.

The people who are doing harm and creating obstacles are those who adopt and promote alternatives to the truth.

 

Our Comments on a Few Topics 10

#1. So much wrong with this– https://www.christianheadlines.com/contributors/michael-foust/biological-male-wins-female-cycling-title-not-fair.html

A biological male who identifies as female won a cycling world championship Sunday, sparking controversy over fairness in athletics.

Rachel McKinnon won the 35-44 female age bracket at the UCI Masters track cycling championships in Los Angeles

“First transgender woman world champion…ever*” McKinnon wrote on Twitter

He may identify as a woman, but he is just a person pretending to be something he is not. Some people may argue the point and say that since the term transgender doesn’t appear in the bible, that God has not addressed this issue. He has. He just doesn’t use the same terms as we do. In the OT he talks about making 2 genders only and those options were perfect. He talks about men and women not dressing in each other’s clothes- he is against it. In the NT he talks about how the body is the temple of God and that it should not be corrupted; he also talks about deception and false teaching.

God says a lot about how wrong transgender is. Is letting that competitor compete with women fair? Of course not. The Bible tells us that the woman is the weaker gender. It is no contest. Men should not compete against women and women should not compete against men, no matter how talented they are. Doing otherwise and bowing to the demands of the LGBTQ community is wrong.

We are getting into an age where the western world will be like the city of Nineveh in Jonah’s day– not knowing their right hand from their left.

#2. We are glad he won– https://www.christianheadlines.com/contributors/michael-foust/fire-chief-fired-for-christian-beliefs-get-1-2-million.html

The city of Atlanta agreed Monday to pay former fire chief Kelvin Cochran $1.2 million, four years after he was suspended and then fired for publishing a book containing historic Christian beliefs.

Cochran’s self-published 162-page book, “Who Told You That You Were Naked?: Overcoming the Stronghold of Condemnation,” included Bible verses addresses sexuality and homosexuality. It was the latter topic that sparked a controversy and an investigation and eventually, his termination. He wrote the book on non-work time.

We also like the ruling as it was sound, logical and rational.

#3. Don’t think this will stop– https://www.christianheadlines.com/blog/christian-filmmakers-challenge-minnesota-law-for-forcing-them-to-make-same-sex-wedding-films.html

Two Christian filmmakers are going before the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals in St. Paul, Minnesota on Tuesday, to challenge the state’s law that is forcing them to create videos that contradict their religious beliefs.

According to CBN, Telescope Media Group owners Carl and Angel Larsen wanted to enter into the wedding industry, but the state’s Human Rights Act prohibits the couple from pursuing this avenue unless they make films promoting same-sex marriage, a union that their Christian beliefs define as between one man and one woman

Governments will continue to find ways to make LGBTQ practicing people seem natural, normal and okay. That is until the support and the fad surrounding these issues go away. They are concerned more about votes than anything else. It isn’t the votes of the LGBTQ members that they are worried about. They are still a very small minority. It is the votes of their straight friends, family and observers that they worry about. That is not a small minority.

God has given governments the right to rule and Jesus never said to go against the government in a sinful way. So when defending yourselves or protesting these regulations make sure you stay within biblical teaching. We cannot win if we sin in our struggle against wrong decisions. The first battle of Ai proved that.

#4. Fear cannot defeat love– https://www.christianheadlines.com/blog/fear-grips-churches-northeastern-kenya-muslim-extremists-kill-christian-teachers.html

Fear Grips Churches in Northeastern Kenya as Muslim Extremists Kill Two Christian Teachers

We aren’t condemning or going to condemn anyone here. Overcoming fear is a hard thing to do. But the Bible tells us that love casts out fear. So if we love God then death and what unbelievers do to us should not make us afraid or fear anything. We have a God who has promised us a new home.

#5. It is a wrong law– https://www.christianheadlines.com/columnists/breakpoint/deadly-canadian-maid-expansion-assisted-suicide-north.html

n 2016, Canada legalized “Medical Assistance in Dying also known as MAID. The terminology is, of course, a euphemism for euthanasia. To be eligible for MAID, persons must be at least 18-years-old and have a “grievous and irremediable” condition.

Like all such death-devoted legislation, terms like “grievous and irremediable” are moving targets. Descriptions used in the law include expressions like “serious and incurable,” “irreversible decline,” and suffering—both “physical and psychological”—that a person finds “intolerable.”

Of course, nearly all of these words are subjective: What’s “intolerable” to one person may not be to another. If Netherlands and Belgium are any indication, we can be sure that eligibility for MAID will, like gas, expand to fill whatever space is available.

The Bible says that if man spills the blood of man then his blood is required (done from memory). We do not see that penalty revoked in that or any other passage of scripture. Nor do we see any clause that exempts assisted suicide.Even though it is difficult to handle, we do not see God changing his views because some people cannot endure their illness.

Governments should not be promoting the ending a life no matter how many of its citizens complain and cry out. Governments leaders need to lead the people to what is right and lead them away from what is wrong. Church leaders cannot let the terms compassion and love distort or influence their biblical views in the wrong way. We love God thus we must present his way in the most compassionate way possible even if it goes against popular sentiments.

 

 

When You Write a Document

John MacArthur has come out with a new document affirming his and many evangelicals beliefs. He has quite a few signers as well

https://www.christianpost.com/news/evangelicals-churches-john-macarthur-statement-against-nebulous-social-justice-227194/

We have not read most of the points listed in the document and the ones we have read, save for one, we generally agree with.

We deny that systemic racism is in any way compatible with the core principles of historic evangelical convictions. We deny that the Bible can be legitimately used to foster or justify partiality, prejudice, or contempt toward other ethnicities. We deny that the contemporary evangelical movement has any deliberate agenda to elevate one ethnic group and subjugate another. And we emphatically deny that lectures on social issues (or activism aimed at reshaping the wider culture) are as vital to the life and health of the church as the preaching of the gospel and the exposition of Scripture,” the statement notes. “Historically, such things tend to become distractions that inevitably lead to departures from the gospel.”

When you write a document like this, it is important that you remain clear and concise on what you believe. There should be no confusion and the terminology of the document should not leave people scratching their head wondering if they read it right or if they misunderstood what you have written. From what we have read, we are confident that we did not get lost or misunderstand what it is saying.

BUT, if one point is misleading and talking about erroneous topics, even if it is an accepted topic by everyone, that clause could undermine the rest of the valid points. These type of documents and any that state what a believer believes should always contain the truth. Which is why we disagree with that quoted point. It does not convey the truth.

Even though just about everyone agrees that racism exists, there is no such thing as racism. We have talked about racism on this board before and have quoted scientists who have stated without a shadow of a doubt that DNA demonstrates that there is only 1 race of humans. Science is backing the Bible here. God only made one race of people and Neanderthals, Cro Magnon and other supposed human species did not exist.

All humans descended from Adam and Eve and there was no mating with other human-like creatures. When there is only one race of people, there cannot be racism. The church has to take the lead in this issue as it is the one that has the truth. Evolution and other scientific ideas that support multiple races are just not true.

The church and believers cannot go along with this misinformation. Nor can it insert it into important documents like statements mentioned in the article above. The church must be the light unto a dark world.  To be that light, the church must proclaim the truth, all of the truth. The truth is not limited to the gospel message. Even when it goes against consensus thinking, the church cannot alter the truth. No matter how much scorn is heaped on the church by professional scientists and scholars, the church has to stay with the truth.

This is why we probably will not be signing that document. We cannot agree to a declaration when it contains untruthful information.

 

An Update

The following is being reported in the news and you ay have heard about it

https://www.christianpost.com/news/canadas-largest-private-christian-university-drops-ban-on-same-sex-relationships-226803/

Canada’s Largest Private Christian University Drops Ban on Same-Sex Relationships

Trinity Western University, Canada’s largest privately-funded Christian university, will no longer require students to sign a Community Covenant agreeing to abstain from same-sex and other relationships outside marriage between a man and a woman.

The top-ranked university, which enrolls about 4,000 students annually, announced on Tuesday its decision to scrap mandatory agreement to the covenant as part of the admissions process. The decision was made at a recent meeting of its Board of Governors.

“In furtherance of our desire to maintain TWU as a thriving community of Christian believers that is inclusive of all students wishing to learn from a Christian viewpoint and underlying philosophy, the Community Covenant will no longer be mandatory as of the 2018-19 Academic year with respect to admission of students to, or continuation of students at, the University,” the board said in a motion cited by university President Robert G. Kuhn.

And uhm…no… we do not take any credit for this decision. We are sure it was in the works long before we wrote our little piece.

https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2018/august/trinity-western-community-covenant-canada-law-school-twu.html

Let there be no confusion regarding the board of governors’ resolution; our mission remains the same,” said Robert Kuhn, TWU’s president, in a statement. “We will remain a biblically-based, mission-focused, academically excellent university, fully committed to our foundational evangelical Christian principles.”

While students will no longer be subject to the covenant, signing it will remain mandatory for faculty, staff, and administrators, according to reporting by Inside Higher Ed.

Two things here-  First, if you are planning on and are working at a Christian university you need to be truly Christian. You also need to follow the rules of employment. You cannot lie to gain the job.

Second, if you are planning on or being a student at TWU then you cannot later, after admission, complain about the University’s Christian stance. Each student knows full well that they are entering and studying at a Christian university and their position on numerous issues are quite clear. There are no surprises.